smooth {eda} | R Documentation |
Tukey's smoothers, 3RS3R, 3RSS, 3R, etc.
smooth(x, kind = c("3RS3R", "3RSS", "3RSR", "3R", "3", "S"), twiceit = FALSE, endrule = "Tukey", do.ends = FALSE)
x |
a vector or time series |
kind |
a character string indicating the kind of smoother required;
defaults to "3RS3R" . |
twiceit |
logical, indicating if the result should be ``twiced''. Twicing a smoother S(y) means S(y) + S(y - S(y)), i.e., adding smoothed residuals to the smoothed values. This decreases bias (increasing variance). |
endrule |
a character string indicating the rule for smoothing at the
boundary. Either "Tukey" (default) or "copy" . |
do.ends |
logical, indicating if the 3-splitting of ties should
also happen at the boundaries (``ends''). This is only used for
kind = "S" . |
3
is Tukey's short notation for running median
s
of length 3,
3R
stands for Repeated 3
until
convergence, and
S
for Splitting of horizontal stretches of length 2 or 3.
Hence, 3RS3R
is a concatenation of 3R
, S
and 3R
, 3RSS
similarly,
whereas 3RSR
means first 3R
and then (S and 3)
Repeated until convergence which
can be bad.
An object of class "tukeysmooth"
(which has print
and
summary
methods) and is a vector or time series containing the
smoothed values with additional attributes.
S and S-PLUS use a different (somewhat better) Tukey smoother in
smooth(*)
.
Note that there are other smoothing methods which provide
rather better results. These were designed for hand calculations
and may be used mainly for didactical purposes.
Since R version 1.2, smooth
does really implement
Tukey's end-point rule correctly (see argument endrule
).
kind = "3RSR"
has been the default till R-1.1,
but it can have very bad properties, see the examples.
Note that repeated application of smooth(*)
does
smooth more, for the "3RS*"
kinds.
Tukey, J. W. (1977). Exploratory Data Analysis, Reading Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.
lowess
; loess
,
supsmu
and
smooth.spline
in package `modreg'.
## see also demo(smooth) ! x1 <- c(4, 1, 3, 6, 6, 4, 1, 6, 2, 4, 2) # very artificial (x3R <- smooth(x1, "3R")) # 2 iterations of "3" smooth(x3R, kind = "S") sm.3RS <- function(x, ...) smooth(smooth(x, "3R", ...), "S", ...) y <- c(1,1, 19:1) plot(y, main = "misbehaviour of \"3RSR\"", col.main = 3) lines(sm.3RS(y)) lines(smooth(y)) lines(smooth(y, "3RSR"), col = 3, lwd = 2)# the horror x <- c(8:10,10, 0,0, 9,9) plot(x, main = "breakdown of 3R and S and hence 3RSS") matlines(cbind(smooth(x,"3R"),smooth(x,"S"), smooth(x,"3RSS"),smooth(x))) data(presidents) presidents[is.na(presidents)] <- 0 # silly summary(sm3 <- smooth(presidents, "3R")) summary(sm2 <- smooth(presidents,"3RSS")) summary(sm <- smooth(presidents)) all.equal(c(sm2),c(smooth(smooth(sm3, "S"), "S"))) # 3RSS === 3R S S all.equal(c(sm), c(smooth(smooth(sm3, "S"), "3R")))# 3RS3R === 3R S 3R plot(presidents, main = "smooth(presidents0, *) : 3R and default 3RS3R") lines(sm3,col = 3, lwd = 1.5) lines(sm, col = 2, lwd = 1.25)