cloud {lattice}R Documentation

3d Scatter Plot

Description

Draws 3d scatter plots and surfaces.

Usage

cloud(formula,
      data,
      aspect = c(1, 1),
      scales = list(cex = 0.5, lty = 1, lwd = 1,
                    col = "black", distance = rep(1, 3),
                    arrows = TRUE, draw = TRUE),
      zlab,
      zlim = range(z), 
      distance = 0.2,
      par.box,
      perspective = TRUE,
      R.mat = diag(4), 
      screen = list(z = 40, x = -60),
      zoom = .9,
      ...)
wireframe(formula, data,
          at = pretty(z, cuts),
          col.regions,
          drape = FALSE,
          pretty = FALSE,
          colorkey = any(drape),
          cuts = 70,
          distance = 0.2,
          par.box,
          screen = list(z = 40, x = -60),
          zoom = .9,
          scales = list(cex = 0.5, distance = rep(1, 3), arrows = TRUE),
          ...)

Arguments

formula a formula of the form z ~ x * y | g1 * g2 * ..., where z is a numeric response, and x, y are numeric values.
g1,g2,..., if present, must be either factors or shingles.
In the case of wireframe, calculations are based on the assumption the x and y values are evaluated on a grid (defined by (unique(x)) and (unique(y)). The function will not return an error if this is not true, but the display might be nonsense. However, the x and y values need not be equally spaced.
As an extension to partially support the form used in filled.contour and image, formula can be a matrix.
data data frame in which variables are evaluated
aspect vector of length 2, giving the relative aspects of the y-size/x-size and z-size/x-size of the enclosing rectangle.
scales describes scales. Can contain lists named x, y and z. Arrows are drawn if arrows=TRUE, otherwise tick marks with labels are drawn. Both can be suppressed by draw=FALSE. Several other components that work in the usual scales argument also work here (see xyplot).
zlab z label
zlim z limits
distance between 0 and 1, controls amount of perspective. No connection with the physical concept of distance in this implementation (not clear what S+ does). individual values don't give the same results as S-Plus, but all instances should be achievable.
par.box graphical parameters for box, namely, col, lty and lwd. By default obtained from the parameter box.3d
perspective logical, whether to plot a perspective view
R.mat initial rotation matrix in homogeneous coordinates. Implemented but untested.
screen A list determining the rotations to applied to the data before being plotted. The initial position starts with the viewing point somewhere in the positive z-axis, and the x and y axes in the usual position. Each component of the list should be named one of x, y, z (repititions allowed), with their values indicating the amount of rotation about that axis in degrees.
zoom factor by which to scale the picture. Useful to get the variable names into the plot
drape whether the wireframe is to be draped in color
at these arguments are analogous to those in levelplot. if drape=TRUE, at gives the vector of values where the colors change
col.regions the vector of colors to be used in that case
cuts the default number of cutpoints if drape=TRUE
pretty whether the cutpoints should be pretty
colorkey whether a color key should be drawn alongside. See levelplot for details
... other arguments, passed to the panel function

Details

cloud draws a 3d Scatter Plot, while wireframe draws a wireframe 3d surface evaluated on a grid. Multiple surfaces can be drawn by wireframe using the groups argument. Specifying groups with cloud results in a panel.superpose-like effect (via panel.3dscatter).

Wireframe can optionally render the surface as being illuminated by a light source (no shadows though). Details can be found in the help page for panel.cloud. Note that although arguments controlling these are actually arguments for the panel function, they can be supplied to wireframe directly.

wireframe can be extremely slow in rendering; this should improve sometime in the future. (For some reason, postscript output is much faster than most other devices.)

The algorithm for identifying which edges of the bounding box should be drawn before the points are plotted fails in some cases.

This and all other high level Trellis functions have several arguments in common. These are extensively documented only in the help page for xyplot, which should be consulted to learn more detailed usage.

Value

An object of class ``trellis''. The `update' method can be used to update components of the object and the `print' method (usually called by default) will plot it on an appropriate plotting device.

Author(s)

Deepayan Sarkar deepayan@stat.wisc.edu

See Also

xyplot, levelplot, panel.cloud, Lattice

Examples

x <- seq(-pi, pi, len = 20)
y <- seq(-pi, pi, len = 20)
g <- expand.grid(x = x, y = y)
g$z <- sin(sqrt(g$x^2 + g$y^2))
wireframe(z ~ x * y, g, drape = TRUE,
          perspective = FALSE,
          aspect = c(3,1), colorkey = FALSE)
g <- expand.grid(x = 1:10, y = 5:15, gr = 1:2)
g$z <- log((g$x^g$g + g$y^2) * g$gr)
wireframe(z ~ x * y, data = g, groups = gr,
          scales = list(arrows = FALSE),
          shade = TRUE,
          shade.colors = function(cosangle, height)
          palette.shade(cosangle, height = .15, saturation = .05),
          light.source = c(0, 0, 1),
          screen = list(z = 30, x = -60))
data(iris)
cloud(Sepal.Length ~ Petal.Length * Petal.Width, data = iris,
      groups = Species, screen = list(x = -90, y = 70),
      aspect = c(1, 1), distance = .4, zoom = .6,
      key = list(title = "Iris Data", x = .1, y=.9,
                 corner = c(0,1),
                 border = TRUE, 
                 points = Rows(trellis.par.get("superpose.symbol"), 1:3),
                 text = list(levels(iris$Species))))
print(cloud(Sepal.Length ~ Petal.Length * Petal.Width, 
            data = iris, cex = .8, 
            groups = Species, 
            subpanel = panel.superpose,
            main = "Stereo",
            screen = list(z = 20, x = -70, y = 3)),
      split = c(1,1,2,1), more = TRUE)
print(cloud(Sepal.Length ~ Petal.Length * Petal.Width,
            data = iris, cex = .8, 
            groups = Species,
            subpanel = panel.superpose,
            main = "Stereo",
            screen = list(z = 20, x = -70, y = 0)),
      split = c(2,1,2,1))

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