## Introduction to Vector Graphics

This specification defines the features and syntax for Magick Vector Graphics (MVG), a modularized language for describing two-dimensional vector and mixed vector/raster graphics in ImageMagick. You can use the language to draw from the command line, from an MVG file, from an SVG -- Scalable Vector Graphics file or from one of the ImageMagick program interfaces. Use this command, for example, to render an arc:

     convert -size 100x60 xc:skyblue -fill white -stroke black \
        -draw "path 'M 30,40  A 30,20  20  0,0 70,20 A 30,20  20  1,0 30,40 Z '" \
        arc.png

and here is the results:

When the drawing gets sufficiently complex, we recommend you assemble the graphic primitives into a MVG file. For our example, we use piechart.mvg:

      push graphic-context
        viewbox 0 0 624 369
        affine 0.283636 0 0 0.283846 -0 -0
        push graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            fill 'darkslateblue'
            stroke 'blue'
            stroke-width 1
            rectangle 1,1 2199,1299
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            font-size 40
            fill 'white'
            stroke-width 1
            text 600,1100 'Average: 20.0'
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            fill 'red'
            stroke 'black'
            stroke-width 5
            path 'M700.0,600.0 L340.0,600.0 A360.0,360.0 0 0,1 408.1452123287954,389.2376150414973 z'
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            font-size 40
            fill 'white'
            stroke-width 1
            text 1400,140 'MagickWand for PHP'
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            font-size 30
            fill 'white'
            stroke-width 1
            text 1800,140 '(10.0%)'
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            fill 'red'
            stroke 'black'
            stroke-width 4
            rectangle 1330,100 1370,140
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            fill 'yellow'
            stroke 'black'
            stroke-width 5
            path 'M700.0,600.0 L408.1452123287954,389.2376150414973 A360.0,360.0 0 0,1 976.5894480359858,369.56936567559273 z'
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            font-size 40
            fill 'white'
            stroke-width 1
            text 1400,220 'MagickCore'
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            font-size 30
            fill 'white'
            stroke-width 1
            text 1800,220 '(29.0%)'
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            fill 'yellow'
            stroke 'black'
            stroke-width 4
            rectangle 1330,180 1370,220
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            fill 'fuchsia'
            stroke 'black'
            stroke-width 5
            path 'M700.0,600.0 L976.5894480359858,369.56936567559273 A360.0,360.0 0 0,1 964.2680466142854,844.4634932636567 z'
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            font-size 40
            fill 'white'
            stroke-width 1
            text 1400,300 'MagickWand'
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            font-size 30
            fill 'white'
            stroke-width 1
            text 1800,300 '(22.9%)'
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            fill 'fuchsia'
            stroke 'black'
            stroke-width 4
            rectangle 1330,260 1370,300
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            fill 'blue'
            stroke 'black'
            stroke-width 5
            path 'M700.0,600.0 L964.2680466142854,844.4634932636567 A360.0,360.0 0 0,1 757.853099990584,955.3210081341651 z'
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            font-size 40
            fill 'white'
            stroke-width 1
            text 1400,380 'JMagick'
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            font-size 30
            fill 'white'
            stroke-width 1
            text 1800,380 '(10.6%)'
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            fill 'blue'
            stroke 'black'
            stroke-width 4
            rectangle 1330,340 1370,380
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            fill 'lime'
            stroke 'black'
            stroke-width 5
            path 'M700.0,600.0 L757.853099990584,955.3210081341651 A360.0,360.0 0 0,1 340.0,600.0 z'
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            font-size 40
            fill 'white'
            stroke-width 1
            text 1400,460 'Magick++'
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            font-size 30
            fill 'white'
            stroke-width 1
            text 1800,460 '(27.5%)'
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            fill 'lime'
            stroke 'black'
            stroke-width 4
            rectangle 1330,420 1370,460
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            font-size 100
            fill 'white'
            stroke-width 1
            text 100,150 'ImageMagick'
          pop graphic-context
          push graphic-context
            fill 'none'
            stroke 'black'
            stroke-width 5
            circle 700,600 700,960
          pop graphic-context
        pop graphic-context
      pop graphic-context

to render a pie chart with this command:

       convert piechart.mvg piechart.png

which produces this rendering:

However, in general, MVG is sufficiently difficult to work with that you probably want to use a program to generate your graphics in the SVG format. ImageMagick automatically converts SVG to MVG and renders your image, for example, we render piechart.svg with this command:

       convert piechart.svg piechart.jpg

to produce the same pie chart we created with the the MVG language.

Drawing is available from many of the ImageMagick program interfaces as well. ImageMagick converts the drawing API calls to MVG and renders it. Here is example code written in the MagickWand language:

       (void) PushDrawingWand(draw_wand);
       {
         const PointInfo points[6] =
         {
           { 180,504 },
           { 282.7,578.6 },
           { 243.5,699.4 },
           { 116.5,699.4 },
           { 77.26,578.6 },
           { 180,504 }
         };

         DrawSetStrokeAntialias(draw_wand,True);
         DrawSetStrokeWidth(draw_wand,9);
         DrawSetStrokeLineCap(draw_wand,RoundCap);
         DrawSetStrokeLineJoin(draw_wand,RoundJoin);
         (void) DrawSetStrokeDashArray(draw_wand,0,(const double *)NULL);
         (void) PixelSetColor(color,"#4000c2");
         DrawSetStrokeColor(draw_wand,color);
         DrawSetFillRule(draw_wand,EvenOddRule);
         (void) PixelSetColor(color,"#800000");
         DrawSetFillColor(draw_wand,color);
         DrawPolygon(draw_wand,6,points);
       }
       (void) PopDrawingWand(draw_wand);

## MVG Overview

MVG ignores all white-space between commands. This allows multiple MVG commands per line. It is common convention to terminate each MVG command with a new line to make MVG easier to edit and read. This syntax description uses indentation in MVG sequences to aid with understanding. Indentation is supported but is not required.

Metafile wrapper syntax (to support stand-alone MVG files):

      push graphic-context
        viewbox 0 0 width height
        [ any other MVG commands ]
      pop graphic-context

Pattern syntax (saving and restoring context):

      push pattern id x,y width,height
       push graphic-context
        [ drawing commands ]
       pop graphic-context
      pop pattern

an example is (%s is a identifier string):

      push defs
       push pattern %s 10,10 20,20
        push graphic-context
         fill red
         rectangle 5,5 15,15
        pop graphic-context
        push graphic-context
         fill green
         rectangle 10,10 20,20
        pop graphic-context
       pop pattern
      pop defs

For image tiling use:

      push pattern id x,y width,height
       image Copy ...
      pop pattern

Note you can use the pattern for either the fill or stroke like:

      stroke url(#%s)

or

      fill url(#%s)

The clip path defines a clipping area, where only the contained area to be drawn upon. Areas outside of the clipping area are masked.

      push defs
       push clip-path %s
        push graphic-context
         rectangle 10,10 20,20
        pop graphic-context
       pop clip-path
      pop defs
      clip-path url(#%s)

## Drawing Primitives

Here is a complete description of the MVG drawing primitives:

#### affine sx,rx,ry,sy,tx,ty

#### arc x0,y0 x1,y1 a0,a1

#### bezier x0,y0 ... xn,yn

#### circle originx,originy perimeterx,perimetery

#### clip-path url(name)

#### clip-rule rule

Choose from these rule types:

      evenodd
      nonzero

#### clip-units units

Choose from these unit types:

      userSpace
      userSpaceOnUse
      objectBoundingBox

#### color x,y method

Choose from these method types:

      point
      replace
      floodfill
      filltoborder
      reset

#### decorate type

Choose from these types of decorations:

      none
      line-through
      overline
      underline

#### ellipse centerx,centery radiusx,radiusy arcstart,arcstop

#### fill color

Choose from any of these colors.

#### fill-opacity opacity

The opacity ranges from 0.0 (fully transparent) to 1.0 (fully opaque) or as a percentage (e.g. 50%).

#### fill-rule rule

Choose from these rule types:

      evenodd
      nonzero

#### font name

#### font-family family

#### font-size point-size

#### font-stretch type

Choose from these stretch types:

      all
      normal
      ultra-condensed
      extra-condensed
      condensed
      semi-condensed
      semi-expanded
      expanded
      extra-expanded
      ultra-expanded

#### font-style style

Choose from these styles:

      all
      normal
      italic
      oblique

#### font-weight weight

Choose from these weights:

      all
      normal
      bold
      100
      200
      300
      400
      500
      600
      700
      800
      900

#### gradient-units units

Choose from these units:

      userSpace
      userSpaceOnUse
      objectBoundingBox

#### gravity type

Choose from these gravity types:

      NorthWest
      North
      NorthEast
      West
      Center
      East
      SouthWest
      South
      SouthEast

#### image compose x,y width,height 'filename'

Choose from these compose operations:

      Undefined
      Add
      Atop
      Blend
      Bumpmap
      Clear
      ColorBurn
      ColorDodge
      Colorize
      CopyBlack
      CopyBlue
      CopyCyan
      CopyGreen
      Copy
      CopyMagenta
      CopyOpacity
      CopyRed
      CopyYellow
      Darken
      Dst
      Difference
      Displace
      Dissolve
      DstAtop
      DstIn
      DstOut
      DstOver
      Dst
      Exclusion
      HardLight
      Hue
      In
      Lighten
      Luminize
      Minus
      Modulate
      Multiply
      None
      Out
      Overlay
      Over
      Plus
      Replace
      Saturate
      Screen
      SoftLight
      Src
      SrcAtop
      SrcIn
      SrcOut
      SrcOver
      Src
      Subtract
      Threshold
      Xor

#### line x,y x1,y1

#### font-style x,y method

Choose from these methods:

      point
      replace
      floodfill
      filltoborder
      reset

#### offset offset

#### opacity opacity

Use percent (e.g. 50%).

#### path path

#### point x,y

#### polygon x,y x1,y1, ..., xn,yn

#### polyline x,y x1,y1, ..., xn,yn

#### pop clip-path

#### pop defs

#### pop gradient

#### pop graphic-context

#### pop pattern

#### push clip-path name

#### push defs

#### push gradient id linear x,y x1,y1

#### push gradient id radial xc,cy xf,yf radius

#### push graphic-context

#### push pattern id radial x,y width,height

#### rectangle x,y x1,y1

#### rotate angle

#### roundrectangle x,y x1,y1 width,height

#### scale x,y

#### skewX angle

#### stop-color color offset

#### stroke color

#### stroke-antialias 0 • 1

#### stroke-dasharray none • numeric-list

#### stroke-dashoffset offset

#### stroke-linecap type

Choose from these cap types:

      butt
      round
      square

#### stroke-linejoin type

Choose from these join types:

      bevel
      miter
      round

#### stroke-miterlimit limit

#### stroke-opacity opacity

The opacity ranges from 0.0 (fully transparent) to 1.0 (fully opaque) or as a percentage (e.g. 50%).

#### stroke-width width

#### text "text"

#### text-antialias 0 • 1

#### text-undercolor color

#### translate x,y

#### viewbox x,y x1,y1

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