sendmail(8) ¤Ï FreeBSD ¤Î¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Î ¥á¡¼¥ë¥È¥é¥ó¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¨¡¼¥¸¥§¥ó¥È (MTA) ¤Ç¤¹¡£ sendmail ¤Î»Å»ö¤Ï¥á¡¼¥ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¥¨¡¼¥¸¥§¥ó¥È (MUA) ¤«¤é¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ê¡¢ ¤½¤ì¤òÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÇÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤¿Å¬Åö¤Ê¥á¡¼¥é¤ËÆÏ¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¤¹¡£ sendmail ¤Ï¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯Àܳ¤ò¼õ¤±Æþ¤ì¤Æ¡¢ ¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÆÏ¤±¤¿¤ê ÊÌ¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ë¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÅϤ·¤¿¤ê¤â¤Ç¤¤Þ¤¹¡£
sendmail ¤Ï¼¡¤ÎÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»ÈÍѤ·¤Þ¤¹¡£
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾ | µ¡Ç½ |
---|---|
/etc/mail/access | sendmail ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë |
/etc/mail/aliases | ¥á¡¼¥ë¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹ |
/etc/mail/local-host-names | sendmail ¤¬¼õ¤±ÉÕ¤±¤ëÇÛÁ÷Àè¥Û¥¹¥È¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È |
/etc/mail/mailer.conf | ¥á¡¼¥é¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ÎÀßÄê |
/etc/mail/mailertable | ¥á¡¼¥éÇÛÁ÷ɽ |
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf | sendmail ¤Î¼çÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë |
/etc/mail/virtusertable | ²¾Áۥ桼¥¶¤ª¤è¤Ó²¾Áۥɥᥤ¥óɽ |
¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ï¡¢ ¤É¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Þ¤¿¤Ï IP
¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤¬¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥á¡¼¥ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ËÀܳ¤Ç¤¤ë¤«¡¢
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, REJECT
, RELAY
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sendmail ¤Î ¥¨¥é¡¼½èÍý¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤ËÅϤµ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ OK
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¥á¡¼¥ë¤ÎºÇ½ª°¸À褬¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Ç¤¢¤ë¸Â¤ê¡¢
¤³¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ø¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ë¤³¤È¤òǧ¤á¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ REJECT
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RELAY
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Example 21-1. sendmail ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ÎÀßÄê
cyberspammer.com 550 We don't accept mail from spammers FREE.STEALTH.MAILER@ 550 We don't accept mail from spammers another.source.of.spam REJECT okay.cyberspammer.com OK 128.32 RELAY
¤³¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï¸Þ¤Ä¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ ɽ¤Îº¸Â¦¤ËÅö¤Æ¤Ï¤Þ¤ë¥á¡¼¥ëÁ÷¿®¼Ô¤Ï¡¢É½¤Î±¦Â¦¤Îưºî¤Ë»ÙÇÛ¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤Ï¤¸¤á¤ÎÆó¤Ä¤ÎÎã¤Ï¡¢¥¨¥é¡¼¥³¡¼¥É¤ò sendmail ¤Î¥¨¥é¡¼½èÍý¥ë¡¼¥Á¥ó¤ËÅϤ·¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¥á¡¼¥ë¤¬É½¤Îº¸Â¦¤ËÅö¤Æ¤Ï¤Þ¤ë¤È¡¢¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤½¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¼¡¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï another.source.of.spam ¤È¤¤¤¦¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¾å¤ÎÆÃÄê¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤«¤é¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¤òµñÀ䤷¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¼¡¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï okay.cyberspammer.com ¤«¤é¤Î¥á¡¼¥ëÀܳ¤ò¼õ¤±Æþ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï¾å¤Ë¤¢¤ë cyberspammer.com ¤È¤¤¤¦¹Ô¤è¤ê¤â¤µ¤é¤Ë¸·Ì©¤Ç¤¹ (¸·Ì©¤Ë°ìÃפ¹¤ì¤Ð¤¹¤ë¤Û¤É¡¢¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î¤è¤êÍ¥À褵¤ì¤Þ¤¹)¡£ ºÇ¸å¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï 128.32 ¤«¤é»Ï¤Þ¤ë IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤«¤é¤ÎÅŻҥ᡼¥ë¤Î¥ê¥ì¡¼¤òǧ¤á¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ï¾¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ËÅþã¤Ç¤¤ë¤³¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÁ÷¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤¿¤é¡¢ ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ò¹¹¿·¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë /etc/mail/ ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç make ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ ¾¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¢¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¾¤Î¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¤ËŸ³«¤µ¤ì¤ë ²¾ÁÛŪ¤Ê¥á¡¼¥ë¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Î°ìÍ÷¤¬µºÜ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ /etc/mail/aliases ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ»ÈÍѤǤ¤ëÎã¤ò¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤¢¤²¤Þ¤¹¡£
Example 21-2. ¥á¡¼¥ë¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹
root: localuser ftp-bugs: joe,eric,paul bit.bucket: /dev/null procmail: "|/usr/local/bin/procmail"
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë·Á¼°¤Ï¥·¥ó¥×¥ë¤Ç¤¹¡£ ¥³¥í¥ó¤Îº¸Â¦¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥á¡¼¥ë¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹Ì¾¤Ï¡¢±¦Â¦¤Î¥¿¡¼¥²¥Ã¥È¤ËŸ³«¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤Ï¤¸¤á¤ÎÎã¤Ïñ½ã¤Ë root ¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ò localuser ¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ËŸ³«¤·¡¢ ¤½¤ì¤«¤é¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ò¤â¤¦°ìÅÙÄ´¤Ù¤Þ¤¹¡£ °ìÃפ¹¤ë¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤¬¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Ï¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ç¤¢¤ë localuser ¤ËÇÛÁ÷¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¼¡¤ÎÎã¤Ï¥á¡¼¥ë¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ç¤¹¡£ ftp-bugs ¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ø¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¤Ï joe, eric ¤ª¤è¤Ó paul ¤Î»°¤Ä¤Î¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥á¡¼¥ë¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ËŸ³«¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥á¡¼¥ë¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ï user@example.com ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë»ØÄê¤Ç¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÃí°Õ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ ¼¡¤ÎÎã¤Ï¥á¡¼¥ë¤ò¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¡¢¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç /dev/null ¤Ë½ñ¤¹þ¤ß¤Þ¤¹¡£ ºÇ¸å¤ÎÎã¤Ï¥á¡¼¥ë¤ò¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤ËÁ÷¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¥á¡¼¥ë¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Ï UNIX® ¥Ñ¥¤¥×¤òÄ̤¸¤Æ /usr/local/bin/procmail ¤Îɸ½àÆþÎϤ˽ñ¤¹þ¤Þ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤¿¤é¡¢ ¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤ò¹¹¿·¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë/etc/mail/ ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ç make ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
¤³¤ì¤Ï sendmail(8) ¤¬¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤È¤·¤ÆÇ§¤á¤ë¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ç¤¹¡£ sendmail ¤¬¥á¡¼¥ë¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤ä¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ë¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÃÖ¤¤¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ ¤¿¤È¤¨¤Ð¡¢¤³¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ï example.com ¤È¤¤¤¦¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤ª¤è¤Ó mail.example.com ¤È¤¤¤¦¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ø¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¤ò¼õ¤±¼è¤ë¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢ local-host-names ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÆâÍÆ¤Ï¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¡£
example.com mail.example.com
¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¹¹¿·¤·¤¿¤é¡¢Êѹ¹¤òÆÉ¤ß¹þ¤à¤¿¤á¤Ë sendmail(8) ¤òºÆµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£
sendmail ¤Î¼çÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤¢¤ë sendmail.cf ¤Ï¡¢ÅŻҥ᡼¥ë¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Î½ñ¤´¹¤¨¤«¤é¡¢ ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥á¡¼¥ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ØµñÀä¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤òÁ÷¤ë¤³¤È¤Þ¤Ç sendmail ¤ÎÁ´ÈÌŪ¤Êưºî¤ò¤¹¤Ù¤ÆÀ©¸æ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ ÅöÁ³¡¢¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤ÊÌò³ä¤Ë¤è¤ê¤³¤ÎÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÏÂçÊÑÊ£»¨¤Ç¡¢ ¤½¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¤³¤ÎÀá¤Î¾¯¤·Èϰϳ°¤Ç¤¹¡£¹¥±¿¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ë¡¢ ɸ½àŪ¤Ê¹½À®¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ç¤Ï¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¤á¤Ã¤¿¤ËÊѹ¹¤¹¤ëɬÍפϤ¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£
sendmail ¤Î¼çÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï sendmail ¤Îµ¡Ç½¤Èưºî¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë m4(1) ¥Þ¥¯¥í¤«¤é¹½ÃۤǤ¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¾ÜºÙ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï /usr/src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£
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virtusertable ¤Ï²¾Áۥɥᥤ¥ó¤ª¤è¤Ó²¾Áۥ᡼¥ë¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò¼ÂºÝ¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤ÈÂбþ¤Å¤±¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥á¡¼¥ë¥Ü¥Ã¥¯¥¹¤Ë¤Ï¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¡¢¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¡¢ /etc/mail/aliases ¤ËÄêµÁ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹¡¢ ¤Þ¤¿¤Ï¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò»ÈÍѤǤ¤Þ¤¹¡£
Example 21-3. ²¾Áۥɥᥤ¥ó¥á¡¼¥ëÂбþɽ¤ÎÎã
root@example.com root postmaster@example.com postmaster@noc.example.net @example.com joe
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