23.2 FreeBSD-CURRENT vs. FreeBSD-STABLE

FreeBSD ¦³¨â­Óµo®i¤À¤ä¡GFreeBSD-CURRENT ¤Î FreeBSD-STABLE¡C¥»¸`±N·|³°Äò¤¶²Ð¡A¨Ã¤¶²Ð¥¦­Ì¤À§O¤S¬O¦p¦ó§ó·s¡C ­º¥ý¡A¥ý¤¶²Ð FreeBSD-CURRENT¡A±µµÛ¦A¤¶²Ð FreeBSD-STABLE¡C

23.2.1 ¨Ï¥Î³Ì·sªº FreeBSD CURRENT

³o¸Ì¦A¦¸±j½Õ¡AFreeBSD-CURRENT ¬O FreeBSD ¶}µoªº ¡§³Ì«e½u¡¨¡C FreeBSD-CURRENT ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¶·¦³¸û±jªº§Þ³N¯à¤O¡A ¦Ó¥BÀ³¸Ó­n¦³¯à¤O¦Û¤v¸Ñ¨M§xÃøªº¨t²Î°ÝÃD¡C ­Y±z¬O FreeBSD ·s¤â¡A ¨º»ò½Ð¦b¦w¸Ë«e³Ì¦n¥ý¤T«ä¡C

23.2.1.1 ¤°»ò¬O FreeBSD-CURRENT¡H

FreeBSD-CURRENT ¬O FreeBSD ªº³Ì·sª©¡C¥¦¥]§t¡G ¤´¦b¬ãµo¶¥¬q¡B¹êÅç©Ê½èªº­×§ï¡B¹L´ç®É´Áªº¾÷¨î¡A ³o¨ÇªF¦è¦b¤U¤@¦¸¥¿¦¡ relase ªºª©¥»¥i¯à·|¦³¡A¤]¥i¯à¤£·|¦³ªº¡C ¾¨ºÞ¦³³\¦h FreeBSD ¶}µoªÌ¨C¤Ñ³£·|½sĶ FreeBSD-CURRENT source code¡A ¦ý¦³®É³o¨Ç­ì©l½X¬OµLªk½sͦ¨¥\¡C ÁöµM¡A³o¨Ç°ÝÃD³q±`·|¾¨§Ö¸Ñ¨M¡A ¦ý FreeBSD-CURRENT ¨ì©³¬O±a¨Ó¯E§T©Î¬O¦h¤F·Q­n¥Îªº·s¥\¯à¡B§ïµ½¡A ³oÂI¥D­n¨ú¨M©ó±z§ó·s­ì©l½Xªº®É¾÷¬°¦ó¦Ó©w¡I

23.2.1.2 ½Ö»Ý­n FreeBSD-CURRENT¡H

FreeBSD-CURRENT ¾A¦X¤U¦C³o¤TÃþ¤H¡G

  1. FreeBSD ªÀ¸s¦¨­û¡G¿n·¥±Mª`©ó source tree ªº¬Y¤@³¡¥÷¡A ¥H¤Î»{¬°«O«ù¬° ¡§current(³Ì·sª¬ºA)¡¨ ¬°µ´¹ï»Ý¨Dªº¤H¡C

  2. FreeBSD ªÀ¸s¦¨­û¡G¬°¤F½T«O FreeBSD-CURRENT ¯à°÷¾¨¥i¯à¦aºû«ù¦b³Ìí©wªºª¬ºA¡A ¦Ó¥D°Êªá®É¶¡¸Ñ¨M°ÝÃDªº´ú¸ÕªÌ¡C ¦¹¥~¡AÁÙ¦³¹ï FreeBSD ¯à´£¥X¨ãÅ髨ij¥H¤Î§ïµ½¤è¦V¡A¨Ã´£¥X patch ­×¥¿Àɪº¤H¡C

  3. ¥u¬OÃö¤ß©ÎªÌ·Q°Ñ¦Ò(¤ñ¦p¡A¥u¬O¾\Ū¡A ¦Ó«D°õ¦æ)ªº¤H¡C ³o¨Ç¤H¦³®É¤]·|°µ¨Çµù¸Ñ¡A©Î°^Äm­ì©l½X¡C

23.2.1.3 FreeBSD-CURRENT ¨Ã¤£¬O ¤°»ò¡H

  1. °l¨D³Ì·s¥\¯à¡C Å¥»¡¸Ì­±¦³¨Ç«Ü»Åªº·s¥\¯à¡A ¨Ã§Æ±æ¦¨¬°±z©P³òªº¤H¤¤²Ä¤@­Ó¹Á¸Õªº¤H¡A ¦]¦¹±N FreeBSD-CURRENT µø¬°¨ú±o·mÂAª©ªº±¶®|¡C ¾¨ºÞ¡A±z¯à°÷¦]¦¹­º¥ýÁA¸Ñ¨ì³Ì·sªº¥\¯à¡A ¦ý³o¤]·N¨ýµÛ­Y¥X²{·sªº bug ®É¡A±z¤]¬O­º·í¨ä½Ä¡C

  2. ­×´_ bug ªº³t¦¨ªk¡C ¦]¬° FreeBSD-CURRENT ªº¥ô¦óª©¥»¦b­×´_¤wª¾ bug ªº¦P®É¡A¤S¥i¯à·|²£¥Í·sªº bug¡C

  3. µL©Ò¤£¦bªº ¡§officially supported¡¨¡C §Ú­Ì·|ºÉ¤O¨ó§U¤W­z FreeBSD-CURRENT ªº¨º¤TºØÃþ§Oªº ¡§legitimate¡¨ ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡A ¦ý§Ú­Ì¨S®É¶¡¬°¥L­Ì´£¨Ñ§Þ³N¤ä´©¡C ³o¤£¥Nªí§Ú­Ì«Ü´c¦H¡A©Î¬O¤£·QÀ°§U¤H(­Y¬Oªº¸Ü¡A §Ú­Ì¤]¤£·|¬° FreeBSD §V¤O¤F) ¡A¹ê¦b¬O¦]¬°§Ú­Ì¤À¨­¥F³N¡AµLªk¨C¤Ñ¦^µª¼Æ¦Ê­Ó°ÝÃD¡A ¦Ó¦P®ÉÄ~Äò¶}µo FreeBSD¡C ¥i¥H½T©wªº¤@ÂI´N¬O¡A ¦b§ïµ½ FreeBSD ©Î¬O¦^µª¤j¶q¦³Ãö¹êÅç½Xªº°ÝÃD¤§¶¡¡A ­Y­n°µ­Ó¿ï¾Üªº¸Ü¡A¶}µoªÌ·|¿ï¾Ü«eªÌ¡C

23.2.1.4 ¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD-CURRENT

  1. ¥[¤J freebsd-current ¤Î cvs-all ½×¾Â¡C ³o¤£³æ¥u¬O­Ó«ØÄ³¡A¤]¬O ¥²¶· §@ªº¡C ­Y±z¨S­q¾\ freebsd-current ¡A¨º»ò´N·|¿ù¹L§O¤H¹ï¥Ø«e¨t²Îª¬ºAªº»¡©ú¡A¦Ó¬\¯Ó¦b§O¤H¤w¸Ñªº°ÝÃD¡C §ó­«­nªº¬O¡A¥i¯à·|¿ù¥¢¤@¨Ç¹ï¤v¨­©ÒºÞ¨t²Î¦w¦M¬Û·í­«­nªº¤½§i¡C

    ¦b cvs-all ¤W«h¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¨C­Ó commit ¬ö¿ý¡A ¦]¬°³o¨Ç°O¿ý·|³s±a¼vÅT¨ä¥L¬ÛÃö¸ê°T¡C

    ­n­q¾\³o¨Ç½×¾Â©Î¨ä¥L½×¾Â¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo ¨ÃÂI¿ï·Q­q¾\ªº³¡¤À§Y¥i¡C ¦Ü©ó¨ä¥L«áÄò¨BÆJ¦p¦ó¶i¦æ¡A ¦b¨º¸Ì·|¦³»¡©ú¡C

  2. ±q FreeBSD mirror ¯¸ ¨ú±o­ì©l½X¡C ¦³¨âºØ¤è¦¡¥i¥H¹F¦¨¡G

    1. ¥H csup ©Î cvsup µ{¦¡·f°t¦ì©ó /usr/share/examples/cvsup ÀɦW¬° standard-supfile ªº supfile¡C ³o¬O¤j®a³Ì±`±ÀÂ˪º¤è¦¡¡A¦]¬°¥¦¥i¥HÅý±z§â¾ã­Ó tree ³£§ì¦^¨Ó¡A ¤§«á´N¥u¨ú¦³§ó·sªº³¡¤À§Y¥i¡C ¦¹¥~¡A³\¦h¤H·|§â csup ©Î cvsup ©ñ¨ì cron ¥H©w´Á¦Û°Ê§ó·s¡C ±z¶·­n¦Û­q«e­zªº supfile ½d¨ÒÀÉ¡A ¨Ã°w¹ï¦Û¨­ºô¸ôÀô¹Ò¥H½Õ¾ã csup ©Î cvsup ¬ÛÃö³]©w¡C

    2. ¨Ï¥Î CTM ¤u¨ã¡C ­Yºô¸ôÀô¹Ò¤£¨Î (¤Wºô¶O¥Î¶Q¡A©Î¥u¯à¥Î email ¦Ó¤w) CTM ·|¤ñ¸û¾A¦X±zªº»Ý¨D¡C µM¦Ó¡A³o¤]¦³¤@¨Çª§Ä³¨Ã¥B±`§ì¨ì¤@¨Ç¦³°ÝÃDªºÀɮסC ¦]¦¹¡A «Ü¤Ö¤H·|¥Î¥¦¡C ³o¤]µù©w¤F¤£¯àªø´Á¨Ì¿à³o­Ó§ó·s¤è¦¡¡C ­Y¬O¨Ï¥Î 9600 bps modem ©ÎÀW¼e§ó¤jªº¤WºôªÌ¡A«ØÄ³¨Ï¥Î CVSup ¡C

  3. ­Y§ì source code ¬O­n¥Î¨Ó¶]ªº¡A¦Ó¤£¶È¥u¬O¬Ý¬Ý¦Ó¤w¡A ¨º»ò´N§ì ¾ã­Ó FreeBSD-CURRENT¡A¦Ó¤£­n¥u§ì³¡¤À¡C ¦]¬°¤j³¡¤Àªº source code ³£·|¬Û¨Ì¨ì¨ä¥L source code Àô¸`³¡¤À¡A ­Y¬O±z¥u½s͍䤤¤@³¡¥÷¡A«OÃÒ·|«Ü³Â·Ð¡C

    ¦b½sĶ FreeBSD-CURRENT ¤§«e¡A½Ð¥J²Ó¾\Ū /usr/src ¤ºªº Makefile¡C ¾¨ºÞ¥u¬O¤É¯Å³¡¤ÀªF¦è¦Ó¤w¡A±z¦Ü¤Ö¤]­n¥ý ¸Ë·sªº kernel ¥H¤Î­«·s½sĶ world¡C ¦¹¥~¡A¦h¦h¾\Ū FreeBSD-CURRENT ¶l»¼½×¾Â ¥H¤Î /usr/src/UPDATING ¤]¬O¥²¶·ªº¡A ¤~¯àª¾¹D¥Ø«e¶i«×¬O«ç¼Ë¥H¤Î¤U¤@ª©·|¦³¤°»ò·sªF¦è¡C

  4. ¼ö¦å¡I­Y±z¥¿¦b¶] FreeBSD-CURRENT¡A §Ú­Ì«Ü·Qª¾¹D±z¹ï©ó¥¦ªº·Qªk¬O¤°»ò¡A¤×¨ä¬O¥[±j­þ¨Ç¥\¯à¡A ©Î¸Ó­×¥¿­þ¨Ç¿ù»~ªº«ØÄ³¡C ¦pªG±z¦b«ØÄ³®É¯àªþ¤W¬ÛÃöµ{¦¡½Xªº¸Ü¡A ¨º¯u¬O¤Ó´Î¤F¡I

23.2.2 ¨Ï¥Î³Ì·sªº FreeBSD STABLE

23.2.2.1 ¤°»ò¬O FreeBSD-STABLE¡H

FreeBSD-STABLE ¬O§Ú­Ìªº¶}µo¤À¤ä¡A¥D­nªºµo¦æª©´N¥Ñ¦¹¦Ó¨Ó¡C ³o­Ó¤À¤ä·|¥H¤£¦P³t«×§@­×§ïÅܤơA¨Ã¥B°²³]³o¨Ç¬O²Ä¤@¦¸¶i¤J FreeBSD-CURRENT ¶i¦æ´ú¸Õ¡C µM¦Ó¡A³o ¤´µM ÄÝ©ó¶}µo¤¤ªº¤À¤ä¡A ¤]´N¬O»¡¦b¬Y¨Ç®É­Ô¡AFreeBSD-STABLE ¥i¯à·|¡B¤]¥i¯à¤£·|²Å¦X¤@¨Ç¯S®í»Ý¨D¡C ¥¦¥u¤£¹L¬O¥t¤@­Ó¶}µo¤À¤ä¦Ó¤w¡A¥i¯à¤£¤Ó¾A¦X¤@¯ë¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡C

23.2.2.2 ½Ö»Ý­n FreeBSD-STABLE¡H

­Y±z¦³¿³½ì¥h°lÂÜ¡B°^Äm FreeBSD ¶}µo¹Lµ{©Î§@¨Ç°^Äm¡A ¤×¨ä¬O·|¸ò FreeBSD ±µ¤U¨Óªº ¡§ÃöÁä©Ê¡¨ µo¦æ¦³Ãö¡A À³¸Ó¦Ò¼{±Ä¥Î FreeBSD-STABLE¡C

ÁöµM¦w¥þº|¬}ªº­×¸É¤]·|¶i¤J FreeBSD-STABLE ¤À¤ä¡A ¦ý¤£¥²¶È¶È¦]¦¹¦Ó »Ý­n ¥h¥Î FreeBSD-STABLE¡C FreeBSD ¨C¶µ security advisory(¦w¥þ¤½§i) ³£·|¸Ñ»¡¦p¦ó¥h­×´_¦³¨ü¨ì¼vÅTªºª©¥» [1] ¡A­Y¶È¦]¬°¦w¥þ¦]¯À¦Ó¥h±Ä¥Î¶}µo¤À¤ä¡AÁöµM·|¸Ñ¨M²{¦³¤wª¾°ÝÃD¡A ¦ý¤]¥i¯à±a¨Ó¤@¨Ç¼çÂ꺰ÝÃD¡C

¾¨ºÞ§Ú­ÌºÉ¤O½T«O FreeBSD-STABLE ¤À¤ä¦b¥ô¦ó®É­Ô§¡¯à¥¿½T½sĶ¡B¹B§@¡A ¦ý¨S¤H¯à°÷¾á«O¥¦ÀH®É³£¥i¥H²Å¦X¤W­z¥Øªº¡C ¦¹¥~¡AÁöµM­ì©l½X¦b¶i¤J FreeBSD-STABLE ¤§«e¡A³£·|¥ý¦b FreeBSD-CURRENT ¶}µo§¹²¦¡A¦ý¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD-CURRENT ªº¤H²¦³º»·¤ñ FreeBSD-STABLE ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¨Óªº¤Ö¡A©Ò¥H³q±`¦³¨Ç°ÝÃD¡A¥i¯à¦b FreeBSD-CURRENT ¤ñ¸û¨S¤Hª`·N¨ì¡AÀHµÛ FreeBSD-STABLE ¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¼sªx¨Ï¥Î¤~·|¯B²{¡C

¥Ñ©ó¤W­z³o¨Ç²z¥Ñ¡A§Ú­Ì¨Ã¤£±ÀÂË ª¼¥Ø°lÀH FreeBSD-STABLE¡A¦Ó¥B§ó­«­nªº¬O¡A§O¦b­ì©l½X©|¥¼¸g§¹¾ã´ú¸Õ¤§«e¡A ´N½Ä°Ê§â production server Âಾ¨ì FreeBSD-STABLE Àô¹Ò¡C

­Y±z¨S¦³³o¨Ç¦hªº®É¶¡¡Bºë¯«ªº¸Ü¡A¨º±ÀÂ˱z¨Ï¥Î³Ì·sªº FreeBSD µo¦æª©§Y¥i¡A¨Ã±Ä¥Î¨ä©Ò´£¨Ñªº binary §ó·s¾÷¨î¨Ó§¹¦¨¤É¯ÅÂಾ¡C

23.2.2.3 ¨Ï¥Î FreeBSD-STABLE

  1. ­q¾\ freebsd-stable list¡C ¥i¥HÅý±zÀH®ÉÁA¸Ñ FreeBSD-STABLE ªº³nÅé½sĶ®Éªº¬Û¨ÌÃö«Y¡A¥H¤Î¨ä¥L»Ý¯S§Oª`·Nªº°ÝÃD¡C ¶}µoªÌ¦b¦Ò¼{¤@¨Ç¦³ª§Ä³ªº­×¥¿©Î§ó·s®É¡A´N·|¥ý¦b³o¸Ìµo«H»¡©ú¡A µ¹¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦³¾÷·|¥i¥H¤ÏÀ³¡A ¬Ý¥L­Ì¹ï©Ò´£ªº§ó§ï¬O§_¦³¤°»ò«ØÄ³©Î°ÝÃD¡C

    ¦Ó cvs-all list ³oÃä¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¨C­Ó commit log¡A ¨ä¤¤¥]¬A¤F³\¦h¤¤ªÖªº¸ê°T¡A¨Ò¦p¤@¨Ç¥i¯àµo¥ÍªºÃä»Ú®ÄÀ³µ¥µ¥¡C

    ·Q­n¥[¤J³o¨Ç³q«H½×¾Âªº¸Ü¡A¥u­n¨ì http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo ÂI¤U·Q­q¾\ªº list §Y¥i¡C ¨ä¾lªº¨BÆJ¦bºô­¶¤W·|¦³»¡©ú¡C

  2. ­Y¥´ºâ­n¦w¸Ë¤@­Ó¥þ·sªº¨t²Î¡A¨Ã¥B§Æ±æ¸Ë FreeBSD-STABLE ¨C¤ë©w´Áªº snapshot¡A¨º»ò½Ð°Ñ¾\ Snapshots ºô­¶¥HÁA¸Ñ¬ÛÃö²Ó¸`¡C ¦¹¥~¡A¤]¥i±q mirror ¯¸ ¨Ó¦w¸Ë³Ì·sªº FreeBSD-STABLE µo¦æª©¡A¨Ã³z¹L¤U¦Cªºªº»¡©ú¨Ó§ó·s¨ì³Ì·sªº FreeBSD-STABLE ­ì©l½X¡C

    ­Y¤w¸Ëªº¬O FreeBSD ¥H«eªºª©¥»¡A¦Ó·Q³z¹L­ì©l½X¤è¦¡¨Ó¤É¯Å¡A ¨º»ò¤]¬O¥i¥H§Q¥Î FreeBSD mirror ¯¸ ¨Ó§¹¦¨¡C ¥H¤U¤¶²Ð¨âºØ¤è¦¡¡G

    1. ¥H csup ©Î cvsup µ{¦¡·f°t¦ì©ó /usr/share/examples/cvsup ÀɦW¬° stable-supfile ªº supfile¡C ³o¬O¤j®a³Ì±`±ÀÂ˪º¤è¦¡¡A ¦]¬°¥¦¥i¥HÅý§A§â¾ã­Ó tree ³£§ì¦^¨Ó¡A ¤§«á´N¥u¨ú¦³§ó·sªº³¡¤À§Y¥i¡C ¦¹¥~¡A³\¦h¤H·|§â csup ©Î cvsup ©ñ¨ì cron ¥H©w´Á¦Û°Ê§ó·s¡C ±z¶·­n¦Û­q«e­zªº supfile ½d¨ÒÀÉ¡A¨Ã°w¹ï¦Û¨­ºô¸ôÀô¹Ò¥H½Õ¾ã csup ©Î cvsup ¬ÛÃö³]©w¡C

    2. ¨Ï¥Î CTM §ó·s¤u¨ã¡C ­Yºô¸ô¤£§Ö©Îºô¸ô¶O¥Î¶Q¡A¨º»ò¥i¥H¦Ò¼{±Ä¥Î¡C

  3. ¤@¯ë¦Ó¨¥¡A­Y±`»Ý¦s¨ú³Ì·s­ì©l½X¡A¦Ó¤£­p¸ûºô¸ôÀW¼eªº¸Ü¡A ¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î csup ©Î cvsup ©Î ftp¡C §_«h¡A´N¦Ò¼{ CTM¡C

  4. ¦b½sĶ FreeBSD-STABLE ¤§«e¡A½Ð¥ý¥J²Ó¾\Ū /usr/src ¤ºªº Makefile ÀÉ¡C ¾¨ºÞ¥u¬O¤É¯Å³¡¤ÀªF¦è¦Ó¤w¡A±z¦Ü¤Ö¤]­n¥ý ¸Ë·sªº kernel ¥H¤Î­«·s½sĶ world¡C ¦¹¥~¡A¦h¦h¾\Ū FreeBSD-STABLE ¶l»¼½×¾Â ¥H¤Î /usr/src/UPDATING ¤]¬O¥²³Æªº¡A ³o¼Ë¤~¯àª¾¹D¥Ø«e¶i«×¬O«ç¼Ë¡A¥H¤Î¤U¤@ª©·|¦³­þ¨Ç·sªF¦è¡C

Notes

[1]

µM¦Ó¡A³o¤]¤£¤@©w¬O¥¿½T¡A§Ú­Ì¤£¥i¯à¥Ã»·¤ä´© FreeBSD ©õ¤éªº¦UºØµo¦æª©¥»¡A¾¨ºÞ¨C­Óµo¦æª©µo§G¤§«á¡A³£¤´·|«ùÄò¤ä´©¼Æ¦~¤§¤[¡C ­Y±ýÁA¸Ñ FreeBSD ¥Ø«e¹ï©óª©ªº¤ä´©¬Fµ¦²Ó¸`¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\ http://www.FreeBSD.org/security/ ¡C

¥»¤å¤Î¨ä¥L¤å¥ó¡A¥i¥Ñ¦¹¤U¸ü¡Gftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/¡C

­Y¦³ FreeBSD ¤è­±ºÃ°Ý¡A½Ð¥ý¾\Ū FreeBSD ¬ÛÃö¤å¥ó¡A¦p¤£¯à¸Ñ¨Mªº¸Ü¡A¦A¬¢¸ß <questions@FreeBSD.org>¡C
Ãö©ó¥»¤å¥óªº°ÝÃD¡A½Ð¬¢¸ß <doc@FreeBSD.org>¡C