4.4 ¨Ï¥Î Packages ºÞ²z¾÷¨î

Contributed by Chern Lee.

4.4.1 Package ªº¦w¸Ë¤è¦¡

¥i¥H¥Î pkg_add(1) ±q¥»¾÷¤W©ÎªÌ³z¹Lºô¸ô¨Ó¦w¸Ë¥ô¤@ FreeBSD package¡C

Example 4-1. ¤â°Ê¤U¸ü¡B¦w¸Ë Package

# ftp -a ftp2.FreeBSD.org
Connected to ftp2.FreeBSD.org.
220 ftp2.FreeBSD.org FTP server (Version 6.00LS) ready.
331 Guest login ok, send your email address as password.
230-
230-     This machine is in Vienna, VA, USA, hosted by Verio.
230-         Questions? E-mail freebsd@vienna.verio.net.
230-
230-
230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> cd /pub/FreeBSD/ports/packages/sysutils/
250 CWD command successful.
ftp> get lsof-4.56.4.tgz
local: lsof-4.56.4.tgz remote: lsof-4.56.4.tgz
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for 'lsof-4.56.4.tgz' (92375 bytes).
100% |**************************************************| 92375       00:00 ETA
226 Transfer complete.
92375 bytes received in 5.60 seconds (16.11 KB/s)
ftp> exit
# pkg_add lsof-4.56.4.tgz

­Y¤âÃä¨S¦³ package ¨Ó·½(¹³¬O FreeBSD ¥úºÐ)ªº¸Ü¡A ¨º»ò«ØÄ³¨Ï¥Î pkg_add(1) ®É¡A¥[¤W -r ¿ï¶µ¨Ó§ó»´ÃP¦w¸Ë package¡C¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¡A´N·|¦Û°Ê§PÂ_¥¿½Tªº package ®æ¦¡¡B ¥H¤Î©Ò·f°tªº§@·~¨t²Î release ª©¥»¡A µM«á·|¦Û¤v±q FTP ¯¸§ì¦^¡B¦w¸Ë¬Û¹ïÀ³ªº package¡C

# pkg_add -r lsof

¤W­±³o¨Ò¤l·|¦Û°Ê¤U¸ü¥¿½Tªº package ¨Ã¦w¸Ë¡C ­Y·Q§ï´«¥Î¨ä¥L FreeBSD Packages Mirror ¯¸¡A¨º»ò´N­n³]©w PACKAGESITE Àô¹ÒÅܼơA ¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¤~·|¨ú¥N¹w³]³]©w¡C pkg_add(1) ·|¥Î fetch(3) «ü¥O¨Ó¤U¸üÀɮסA¦Ó fetch(3) ¥»¨­«h·|¨Ï¥Î¬ÛÃöÀô¹ÒÅܼƪº³]©w¡A ¹³¬O¡G FTP_PASSIVE_MODE¡BFTP_PROXY ¥H¤Î FTP_PASSWORD¡C ¦pªG§Aºô¸ôÀô¹Ò³B©ó firewall «á­±¡A©ÎªÌ»Ý­n¥Î FTP/HTTP proxy ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò´N»Ý­n³]©w¡C ³]©w²Ó¸`½Ð°Ñ¾\ fetch(3)¡C ½Ðª`·N¡G¤W­±©Ò»¡ªº¨Ò¤l¬O¼g lsof ¦Ó«D lsof-4.56.4¡C ·í¨Ï¥Î»·ºÝ§ì¨ú¥\¯à®É¡A¸Ó package ª©¸¹´N¤£¥²¥[¤W¥h¤F¡C pkg_add(1) ·|¦Û°Ê¤U¸ü¸Ó³nÅ骺³Ì·sª©¦^¨Ó¦w¸Ë¡C

Note: ­Y¥Îªº¬O FreeBSD-CURRENT ©Î FreeBSD-STABLE ªº¸Ü¡Apkg_add(1) ·|¦Û°Ê¤U¸ü¸Ó³nÅé³Ì·sª©¦^¨Ó¡C ­Y¥Îªº¬OÄÝ©ó -RELEASE ª©¥»¡A¨º»ò¥L·|§ì¦^ÄÝ©ó¸Ó release ¤W©Ò½sĶªº package¡C ¤]¥i¥H§ó§ï PACKAGESITE Àô¹ÒÅܼơA¥H§ïÅܤU¸ü¤è¦¡¡C Á|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A¦pªG¬O FreeBSD 5.4-RELEASE ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò pkg_add(1) ¹w³]·|±q ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5.4-release/Latest/ ¨Ó§ì package¡C­Y­n±j¨î pkg_add(1) ¤U¸ü FreeBSD 5-STABLE ©Ò¥Îªº package¡A¨º»ò´N§â PACKAGESITE §ï³]¬° ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/packages-5-stable/Latest/ §Y¥i¡C

Package Àɦ³ .tgz ¥H¤Î .tbz ¨âºØ®æ¦¡¡C ³o¨Ç³£¥i³z¹L ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/packages/ ¡A©ÎªÌ FreeBSD ¥úºÐ¤º¨ú±o¡C ¨C±i 4 ¤ù¸Ëªº FreeBSD ¥úºÐ(¥H¤Î PowerPak ¥]µ¥µ¥)¤º³£·|¦b /packages ¥Ø¿ý¤º©ñ package¡C ¸Ì­±ªº¥Ø¿ý¬[ºcÃþ¦ü /usr/ports ªº¥Ø¿ý¬[ºc¡C ¨C­Ó¤ÀÃþ³£¦U¦Û¦³±MÄݥؿý¡A¥B¨C¥÷ package ³£·|©ñ¦b All ¥Ø¿ý¤º¡C

package ¥Ø¿ý¬[ºc»P port ªº³£¤@­P¡F¥¦­Ì¦@¦Pºc¦¨¾ã­Ó package/port ¨t²Î¾÷¨î¡C

4.4.2 ºÞ²z Packages

pkg_info(1) ¥i¥Î¨Ó¦C¥X©Ò¦³¤w¦w¸Ëªº³nÅé¡B³nÅ鲤¶¡C

# pkg_info
cvsup-16.1          A general network file distribution system optimized for CV
docbook-1.2         Meta-port for the different versions of the DocBook DTD
...

pkg_version(1) «h¬O¦C¥X©Ò¦³¤w¦w¸Ëªº³nÅ骩¥»¡C ¥¦·|Åã¥Ü¤w¸Ëª©¥»¥H¤Î¥Ø«e¾÷¾¹¤W port tree ªºª©¥»®t²§¡C

# pkg_version
cvsup                       =
docbook                     =
...

²Ä¤GÄæªº²Å¸¹ªí¥Ü¡G¤w¦w¸Ëªº³nÅ骩¥»»P¥Ø«e¾÷¾¹¤W port tree ªºª©¥»®t²§¡C

²Å¸¹ ¥Nªí·N¸q
= ¤w¸Ëªºª©¥»»P¥Ø«e¾÷¾¹¤W port tree ªºª©¥»¬O¦P¤@ª©ªº¡C
< »P¥Ø«e¾÷¾¹¤W port tree ª©¥»¬Û¤ñ°_¨Ó¡A¤w¸Ëªºª©¥»¸û¡C
> »P¥Ø«e¾÷¾¹¤W port tree ª©¥»¬Û¤ñ°_¨Ó¡A ¤w¸Ëªºª©¥»¸û·s¡C(¥i¯à¬O¥Ø«e¾÷¾¹¤W port tree ©|¥¼§ó·s¡C)
? ¤w¸Ëªº³nÅé¦b ports ¯Á¤Þ¤º§äµL¬ÛÃö¸ê®Æ¡C (³q±`¥i¯à¬O¡AÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡G¤w¦w¸Ëªº¸Ó port ¤w±q Ports Collection ¤¤²¾°£©Î§ï¦W¤F¡C)
* ¸Ó³nÅé¦P®É¦³³\¦hª©¥»¡C

4.4.3 ²¾°£¤w¦w¸Ëªº Package

­Y­n²¾°£¤w¸Ëªº³nÅé¡A¨º»ò½Ð¦h§Q¥Î pkg_delete(1) ¤u¨ã¡A¤ñ¦p¡G

# pkg_delete xchat-1.7.1

½Ðª`·N pkg_delete(1) ¶·­n©ñ¤W§¹¾ãªº³nÅé¦WºÙ¥H¤Îª©¥»¡A ­Y¥u¿é¤J xchat ´N¤£¦æ¡A¥²¶·´«¦¨ xchat-1.7.1 ¤~¥i¡C µM¦Ó¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¥Î pkg_version(1) »´ÃP§ä¥X¤w¸Ëªº©Ò¦³³nÅ骩¥»¡A©ÎªÌ¥H wildcard (¸U¥Î¦r¤¸) ªº¤è¦¡¡G

# pkg_delete xchat\*

¥H¤W­±¨Ò¤l¦Ó¨¥¡A±N·|²¾°£©Ò¦³¥H xchat ¶}ÀYªº³nÅé¡C

4.4.4 ¨ä¥L²Ó¸`³¡¥÷

©Ò¦³¤w¸Ëªº package ¸ê°T³£·|¦s¨ì /var/db/pkg ¥Ø¿ý¤º¡A¦b¸Ó¥Ø¿ý¤U¥i¥H§ä¨ì°O¸ü¤w¸Ëªº³nÅéÀɮײM³æ¤Î¸Ó³nÅ鲤¶ªºÀɮסC

¥»¤å¤Î¨ä¥L¤å¥ó¡A¥i¥Ñ¦¹¤U¸ü¡Gftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/¡C

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Ãö©ó¥»¤å¥óªº°ÝÃD¡A½Ð¬¢¸ß <doc@FreeBSD.org>¡C