Food
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Edibles In General
#$EdibleStuff edible things
An instance of #$ExistingStuffType
and a specialization of #$PartiallyTangible.
Each specialization of #$EdibleStuff is a
type of partially tangible stuff which all normal instances
of some specialization of #$Organism-Whole
can consume and successfully metabolize a significant
portion of any instance of, with or without resulting harm
to themselves. This collection includes virtually all animal
and vegetable matter, as well as salts, potable water, and
instances of #$OralDrug. It does not necessarily include
things that are ingested but not metabolized, such as the
stones that birds swallow to aid in digestion, or dirt,
paint chips, and coins ingested by children. The function
#$EdibleByFn is used to specify the collections of edible
stuff that are ingestible by all normal instances of certain
specializations of #$Organism-Whole,
including #$Person. Note that
whether an edible substance _also_ has a detrimental effect
if eaten is a separate question. Something can be both
edible and poisonous.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$ConsumableProduct
direct generalization of:
#$FoodOrDrink
#$Nutrient #$CerealFood
#$FruitAndVegetableFood #$EdibleStuffComposite
#$FoodIngredientOnly
#$EdiblePartFn edible
part fn
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The Cyc function #$EdiblePartFn is
a #$CollectionDenotingFunction.
When applied to a set of tangible objects OBJ-TYPE, (#$EdiblePartFn
OBJ-TYPE) represents the collection of all the edible parts
of objects of OBJ-TYPE. This collection includes any #$EdibleStuff
(i.e., edible by humans or koalas or whatever the current
microtheory is talking about) that is part of instances of
OBJ-TYPE. To represent only parts that humans eat, we may
restrict the #$resultGenl
to a specialized subcollection of #$FoodOrDrink
defined in #$HumanActivitiesMt or other appropriate
microtheory. Examples: the collection (#$EdiblePartFn (#$FruitFn
#$AppleTree) includes the skin and flesh of all apples, but
not --- in the #$HumanActivitiesMt --- the instances of
#$Stem or #$Seed
found in them; the collection (#$EdiblePartFn
#$Egg-Chickens) includes the yolks and whites of chicken
eggs, but does not --- in the #$HumanActivitiesMt ---
include any instances of #$Eggshell. Because of cultural or
philosophical preferences and prohibitions about food,
exactly what parts are edible may differ in different human
cultural microtheories; e.g., in a FundamentalistJewish or
FundamentalistIslamic cultural #$Microtheory,
the function call (#$EdiblePartFn
#$Pig) would return NIL; in a vegan #$Microtheory,
even (#$EdiblePartFn #$Animal) would
return NIL.
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direct instance of: #$UnaryFunction #$CollectionDenotingFunction
#$ReifiableFunction
#$Individual
#$EdiblesRichInFn edibles
rich in fn
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The Cyc function #$EdiblesRichInFn
is a #$CollectionDenotingFunction.
It is used to represent foodstuffs which have a high
concentration of a certain nutrient. (#$EdiblesRichInFn
NUTRIENT) denotes the collection of edible things that are
rich in the type of #$Nutrient NUTRIENT.
For example, (#$EdiblesRichInFn
#$EdibleCalcium) denotes the collection of all #$EdibleStuff rich
in calcium; that collection will have the collection
#$DairyProduct as a subset.
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direct instance of: #$UnaryFunction #$CollectionDenotingFunction
#$ReifiableFunction
#$Individual
#$Nutrient nutrients
A specialization of #$EdibleStuff. Each
instance of #$Nutrient is a
substance considered necessary or beneficial in the diet of
a person or animal. If a food or a pill is sold in a
package, often the nutrients in the food or pill are listed
on the package label. Specializations of #$Nutrient include
#$EdibleSodium, #$ProteinStuff, #$EdibleCalcium,
#$EdibleIron, and #$Vitamin.
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direct instance of:
#$TangibleStuffCompositionType
direct specialization of:
#$EdibleStuff
#$ConsumableProduct consumable products
A specialization of #$PartiallyTangibleProduct.
Each instance of #$ConsumableProduct
is a product of which any portion can be used only once. A
portion of a #$ConsumableProduct
is `used up', i.e., destroyed or transformed into an
unusable or waste form, during normal use. Note:
`consumable' here does not necessarily mean consumed by
mouth; the consumption may be any use of the product.
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direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of: #$PartiallyTangibleProduct
direct generalization of:
#$EdibleStuff
#$DrugProduct
Foodstuffs
#$FoodOrDrink items
of food or drink
A specialization of #$EdibleStuff
(q.v.). Each instance of #$FoodOrDrink is a
substance which instances of some type of organism (that is,
some sub-collection of #$Organism-Whole)
normally consume a significant part of. Important
specializations of #$FoodOrDrink
include #$Food
(instances of which require chewing in order to be consumed)
and #$Drink (instances
of which are liquids that can be consumed without chewing).
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direct instance of: #$ProductByGenericType #$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$EdibleStuff #$HumanScaleObject
direct generalization of:
#$Food #$Drink #$Vegetable-Food
#$DairyProduct
#$Drink beverages
A specialization of both #$FoodOrDrink and
#$LiquidTangibleThing.
Each instance of #$Drink is a portion of a
liquid of a type that is ingestible and commonly consumed by
humans or animals. Instances of #$Drink, unlike instances
of #$Food (q.v.), are
ingested by drinking without chewing. Since soup and
applesauce are normally ``eaten'' by being placed in the
mouth with a spoon, they are not considered to be drunk
(although one can certainly drink either), and so are not
specializations of this collection. Specializations of #$Drink include
#$Water-Ingestible, #$Tea-Hot, #$HotChocolate, #$Lemonade,
and #$Beer.
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direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$Mixture #$FoodOrDrink #$LiquidTangibleThing
#$Food food items
An instance of #$ExistingStuffType,
and a specialization of #$FoodOrDrink. Each
instance of #$Food is a
particular portion of food of a type which can be, and
habitually is, eaten by humans or other animals. Here the
notion of _eating_ is important; eating an instance of #$Food will generally
require biting or chewing, but if placed into the mouth
(e.g. with a utensil) in a manner not considered to be
drinking, it is still considered eating. Thus, edible stuff
normally taken in via drinking, inhalation, or osmosis is
excluded from this collection. A borderline example is a
bowl of bouillon, which, although it can be drunk from the
bowl is normally ``eaten'' with a spoon; a borderline
non-example is a very thick milkshake, which may be eaten
with a spoon, but is normally drunk (possibly using a straw)
from a glass. Instances of #$Food provide calories
and/or nutrients that humans or animals need.
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direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$OrganicStuff #$FoodOrDrink #$CommodityProduct
direct generalization of:
#$DomesticatedAnimalFood
#$Food-ReadyToEat ready-to-eat food
A specialization of (#$FoodOrDrinkForFn #$Person). Each
instance of #$Food-ReadyToEat
is food that is edible more or less in its current state,
without further elaborate preparation. Instances of #$Food-ReadyToEat
can require unwrapping, cutting, pouring, buttering, or
cooling before being consumed, but not cooking or other
complex or sophisticated preparation that is typically done
in a kitchen or other food-preparation area rather than at
the table or site of consumption. If a cook would inspect an
item and pronounce it done, that item is probably an
instance of #$Food-ReadyToEat.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$OrganicStuff
#$EdibleStuffComposite composite
edible substances
#$EdibleStuffComposite
is a specialization of #$EdibleStuff and
#$Artifact-NonAgentive. Each instance of #$EdibleStuffComposite
is an edible substance that is made up of two or more
foodstuffs as constituents. Typically, some recipe is,
explicitly or implicitly, associated with the production of
such substances. #$EdibleStuffComposite
includes both some instances of #$FoodIngredientOnly
(e.g., a dollop of ketchup) and some instances of #$FoodOrDrink
(e.g., a slice of a cheese pizza).
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$EdibleStuff
#$FoodIngredientOnly food ingredients
A specialization of #$EdibleStuff. Each
instance of #$FoodIngredientOnly
is an edible substance that is used in making other food but
isn't eaten by itself. Instances of #$FoodIngredientOnly
may or may not require some preparation. For example,
#$TableSalt, #$VegetableOil, and #$Ketchup are
specializations of #$FoodIngredientOnly,
since all of their instances are used only as ingredients or
condiments. In contrast, #$Egg-Chickens is not a
specialization of #$FoodIngredientOnly;
some of its instances serve as ingredients in cooking other
dishes, but other instances are simply eaten after poaching
or frying. Types of food, such as #$Pizza, whose instances
are never merely ingredients, are specializations of #$Food.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$EdibleStuff
direct generalization of:
#$Preservative-Food
#$Condiment
#$Vegetable-Food vegetables
A specialization of #$FoodOrDrink. Each
instance of #$Vegetable-Food
is a foodstuff which is derived from a plant and is
ordinarily considered a vegetable; e.g., a carrot (an
instance of #$Carrot-Foodstuff), a potato (an instance of
#$Potato-Foodstuff), a lima bean (an instance of
#$Bean-Foodstuff), or a tomato (an instance of
#$Tomato-Foodstuff). Note that #$Vegetable-Food
includes certain plant parts, such as tomatoes, that are
technically classified as fruits by botanists, but which are
treated as vegetables in food classification.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$PlantProduct #$FruitAndVegetableFood #$FoodOrDrink
#$VegetableMatter plant material
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of both #$NaturalTangibleStuff
and #$OrganicStuff.
Each instance of #$VegetableMatter
is a piece of stuff (solid, liquid, or, improbably but
conceivably, gaseous) which is a piece of vegetable
material. Important specializations of #$VegetableMatter
include #$Plant and
#$PlantProduct.
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$NaturalTangibleStuff #$OrganicStuff
direct generalization of:
#$Plant #$PlantProduct
#$DessertFood desserts
(sweets) (items of food or drink) (consumable products)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of tangible stuff. Each instance of #$DessertFood is an
item of food which, in its prepared state, is customarily
eaten by people as part of the #$DessertCourse of a meal.
For example, (in #$NorthAmericanCuisine,) ice cream, cake, pie.
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direct instance of: #$ProductByGenericType #$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$OrganicStuff
#$FoodGroup types of
food group
A specialization of #$ConventionalClassificationType
and hence a collection of collections. Each instance of #$FoodGroup is a
collection of foodstuffs classified according to their
nutritional content. Instances of #$FoodGroup include
#$DairyProduct, #$CerealFood,
#$FruitAndVegetableFood, #$MeatAndLegumeFood.
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direct instance of: #$DisjointCollectionType
#$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of:
#$ConventionalClassificationType #$ProductByGenericType #$ExistingStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType types
of food
An instance of #$SiblingDisjointCollectionType
(q.v.), and thus a collection of collections. Each instance
of #$DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType
is a collection of beverages or foodstuffs (a specialization
of #$EdibleStuff) that
is by default disjoint with every other instance of #$DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType.
Instances of #$DefaultDisjointEdibleStuffType
include #$SubmarineSandwich, #$Rice-Foodstuff, and #$Sauerkraut.
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direct instance of: #$SiblingDisjointCollectionType
#$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of: #$ProductType
#$DomesticatedAnimalFood domesticated
animal food
A specialization of #$Food. Each instance of
#$DomesticatedAnimalFood
is a foodstuff produced by human beings and intended for
consumption by domesticated animals. This collection
includes feed manufactured for horses, cattle, chickens, and
other farm animals, as well as pet food.
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direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$Food
#$CerealFood cereals
A specialization of #$EdibleStuff and
an instance of #$FoodGroup. Each
instance of #$CerealFood is food
that consists of a significant amount of grain products,
such as breads and cereals. Note that #$CerealFood is not
a specialization of #$VegetableMatter
because some breads and grains (such as #$Muffins) contain
non-plant constituents.
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direct instance of:
#$FoodGroup
direct specialization of:
#$OrganicStuff #$EdibleStuff
#$CerealPlant cereal plants
A specialization of both #$CropPlant and
#$GrassFamily. Each sub-collection of #$CerealPlant is a
type of grain-bearing plant.
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direct instance of:
#$OrganismClassificationType
direct specialization of: #$CropPlant
Preparing Food
#$HarvestingAPlant picked
A specialization of #$RemovingSomethingByMovingIt.
Each instance of #$HarvestingAPlant
is an event in which a plant is harvested. Harvesting may
involve separating some part of the plant and leaving the
rest in place (e.g., when one harvests fruit from fruit
trees), or it may involve removing the entire plant from its
growing location (e.g., when one harvests carrots).
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$RemovingSomethingByMovingIt #$HumanActivity #$GuidingAMovingObject #$TransportationEvent
#$PreparingFoodOrDrink events
in which food or drink is prepared
A specialization of both #$PurposefulPhysicalAction
and #$HumanActivity.
Each instance of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink
is an event in which an instance of #$FoodOrDrink is
created. An instance of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink
may be an event in which preparation is done `from scratch',
using raw ingredients, or it may be an event in which
semi-prepared or `convenience' products (such as cake mixes,
margarita mixes, or frozen foods) are used. Typical
sub-events (see the predicate #$subEvents) in
instances of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink
include activities commonly performed by cooks and/or
bartenders, including instances of #$ChoppingSomething, #$CookingFood,
#$BakingFood,
or #$MixingAlcoholicDrinks. Each instance of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink
ends when the item prepared is ready to eat. Notable
specializations of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink
include #$GrillingFood, #$SteamingFood,
and #$PreparingABeverage.
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$SkilledActivity #$ServiceEvent #$PhysicalTransformationEvent
direct generalization of:
#$PreparingFoodItem
#$PreparingFoodItem preparing food
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink.
Each instance of #$PreparingFoodItem
is an event in which a single item of #$Food is prepared to make
it ready to eat. For example, instances of #$MakingToast,
roasting a turkey, or #$BakingBread.
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$PreparingFoodOrDrink
direct generalization of:
#$SmokingFood
#$CookingFood
#$CookingFood cooked
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$PreparingFoodItem
and #$HeatingProcess.
Each instance of #$CookingFood
is an event in which some item of #$Food (q.v.) is prepared
by heating it. Typically, the foodstuff is heated until it
reaches a certain temperature over some period of time;
during the heating, chemical and/or physical changes occur
which are supposed to make the foodstuff healthier or
tastier (or, in some cases, ethically acceptable). A #$CookingFood
event may last from a few minutes (e.g., #$SteamingFood
(vegetables), #$MakingToast) to several hours (e.g., #$RoastingFood).
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$HeatingProcess #$PreparingFoodItem
direct generalization of:
#$Microwaving
#$GrillingFood #$SteamingFood #$BakingFood #$Frying
#$Frying frying
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
Cooking food by partial or total immersion in hot
oil until desired level of doneness.
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$CookingFood
#$SteamingFood steaming
A specialization of #$CookingFood.
In each instance of #$SteamingFood,
some food is cooked by exposing it to steam.
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$CookingFood
#$GrillingFood barbecues
A specialization of #$CookingFood.
In each instance of #$GrillingFood,
food is placed on a cooking utensil consisting of several
parallel metal bars, where the food is exposed to direct
radiant heat from below.
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$CookingFood
#$BakingFood baking
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$CookingFood.
Each instance of #$BakingFood is an
event during which which food is baked in an instance of
#$RegularOven. After an event of #$BakingFood occurs,
the food involved has been baked (see #$Baked).
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$CookingFood
#$Microwaving microwaved
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events in which a #$MicrowaveOven
is used to heat food (or drink). After a #$Microwaving
event, the food involved has been #$Microwaved.
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$CookingFood
#$PreparationAttribute-Coll preparation
attribute - coll
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$AttributeValue.
Each instance of #$PreparationAttribute is a characteristic
of a piece of material (e.g., food) indicating (1) a type of
physical preparation which that stuff has already undergone,
and (2) something about its current, resulting condition.
Instances of #$PreparationAttribute which are applicable to
food include #$Baked, #$Fried, #$Toasted, #$Fermented,
#$Grilled, #$Frozen, #$Dried, and #$Raw.
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direct instance of: #$CollectionType
direct specialization of:
#$Collection
#$hasPreparationAttributes-Coll has
preparation attributes - coll
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$hasPreparationAttributes is used to
indicate the way in which a particular food item was
prepared. (#$hasPreparationAttributes EDIBLE PREP) means the
#$EdibleStuff
EDIBLE has been processed so that it has the food
#$PreparationAttribute PREP (e.g., #$Cooked, #$Roasted,
#$Chilled -- or #$Raw). For example, a piece of #$Toast
#$hasPreparationAttributes #$Toasted; any quantity of #$Beer
that is ready to drink #$hasPreparationAttributes #$Fermented.
guid: b4e23f86-7f00-11d6-8000-0001023560cc
direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
direct specialization of:
#$isa
#$Cooked-Coll cooked
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The attribute #$Cooked is a #$PreparationAttribute
(q.v.), describing how a given item of #$Food has been prepared.
Food becomes #$Cooked as the result of an event of #$CookingFood.
Specialized forms of #$Cooked include #$Steamed, #$Baked,
#$Microwaved and #$Grilled.
guid: 428305b4-74c0-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$FoodOrDrink
#$Fried-Coll fried
- coll
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The attribute #$Fried is a specialized form of
#$Cooked. Food that is #$Fried has been prepared in an event
of #$Frying.
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direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$Food
#$Steamed-Coll steamed
- coll
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The attribute #$Steamed is a specialized form of
#$Cooked. Food that is #$Steamed has been prepared in an
event of #$SteamingFood.
guid: a3207da2-74bb-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$Food
#$Grilled-Coll grilled
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The attribute #$Grilled is a specialized form of
#$Cooked. Food that is #$Grilled has been prepared in an
event of #$GrillingFood,
using a #$BBQGrill or an #$ElectricGrill.
guid: 2d3374ee-74bd-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$Food
#$Baked-Coll baked
- coll
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The attribute #$Baked is a specialized form of
#$Cooked. Food that is #$Baked has been prepared in an event
of #$BakingFood,
using a $#RegularOven.
guid: 03742750-74ba-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$Food
#$Microwaved-Coll microwaved
- coll
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The attribute #$Microwaved is a specialized form of
#$Cooked. Food that is #$Microwaved has been prepared in an
event of #$Microwaving,
using a #$MicrowaveOven.
guid: cee6b296-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$FoodOrDrink
#$PreservingFood preserving food
A specialization of both #$ManipulatingFood and #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent.
Each instance of #$PreservingFood
is an event in which a single item of food or drink (an
instance of the collection #$FoodAndDrink) is acted on to
prevent it from spoiling (see the collection #$Spoiling).
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$HumanActivity #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent #$ManipulatingFood
direct generalization of:
#$SmokingFood
#$SaltingFood #$Pasteurization
#$SmokingFood smoking food
A specialization of #$PreparingFoodItem.
In each instance of #$SmokingFood, an
instance of #$Food is
cured by being exposed to smoke, thereby allowing the food
to remain usable for a much longer period of time.
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$PreparingFoodItem #$PreservingFood
#$SaltingFood food-salting events
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
Soaking food in salt to prevent it from rotting.
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direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$PreservingFood
#$Pasteurization pasteurizations
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The heating of a milk product in order to kill off
microorganisms that might make it spoil.
guid: be00cc5d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$PreservingFood
#$Preservative-Food preservatives
A specialization of #$FoodIngredientOnly.
Each instance of #$Preservative-Food
is a substance which can be added to food to prevent spoilage.
guid: be00ca4d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$FoodIngredientOnly
#$ServingFoodOrDrink events
in which food or drink is served
A specialization of both
#$PuttingSomethingSomewhere and #$CarryingWhileLocomoting.
Each instance of #$ServingFoodOrDrink
is an event in which an item of food or drink is served.
Each instance starts when the server picks up the food or
drink from a preparation or pickup area, and ends when the
food or drink is deposited at a location where the people
being served may eat or drink it. Such events are typically
part of the job of any restaurant server who waits on tables
(see the collection #$WaitPerson), and they may also be
performed by a host or servant at a dinner party or banquet,
or by a family member at a home meal. Note that events in
which a `serving' of food is placed from a common dish onto
a diner's plate are not instances of #$ServingFoodOrDrink.
guid: bd58ae4c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$ServiceEvent #$CarryingWhileLocomoting #$GivingSomething #$PuttingSomethingSomewhere #$ManipulatingFood
#$FoodUtensil utensils
A specialization of #$HandTool. Each
instance of #$FoodUtensil is an
implement or container used in preparing or consuming food.
Notable specializations of #$FoodUtensil
include #$Spoon, #$CarvingKnife, #$CookingUtensil, #$FoodVessel,
#$CuttingBoard, and #$ChopStick.
guid: bd58cdce-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Artifact-NonAgentive #$HandTool #$HumanOccupationConstructObject
direct generalization of:
#$FoodVessel
#$FoodVessel food vessels
A specialization of both #$ContainerProduct
and #$FoodUtensil. Each
instance of #$FoodVessel is a
portable container designed for holding, storing, or
preparing food or drink. Specializations of #$FoodVessel
include the collections #$CookingVessel, #$EatingVessel, and #$FoodStorageContainer.
guid: bd58a35c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ProductType #$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$ContainerProduct #$FoodUtensil
Consuming Food
#$ConsumingFoodOrDrink events
in which food or drink is consumed
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of both #$Ingesting and #$AnimalActivity.
Each instance of #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink
is an event in which an animal ingests some portion of food
or drink through its mouth. Notable specializations of #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink
are #$EatingEvent and
#$DrinkingEvent.
guid: bd58cbb4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$Ingesting #$PhysicalDestructionEvent
direct generalization of:
#$DrinkingEvent
#$EatingEvent
#$EatingEvent eating
A specialization of #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink.
Each instance of #$EatingEvent is an
event which involves the consumption of a substantial
portion of food (i.e., a portion larger than a morsel) by
one animal. Each instance of #$EatingEvent is a
meal or snack taken in its entirety; it is a series of
individual #$EatingAMorsel (q.v.) events.
guid: bd58d570-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$ConsumingFoodOrDrink
direct generalization of:
#$HavingAMeal
#$DrinkingEvent drinking
A specialization of #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink.
In each instance of #$DrinkingEvent,
one animal consumes a substantial portion (i.e., a portion
larger than a sip) of some instance of #$Drink. Each instance of
#$DrinkingEvent
typically consists of several instances of #$DrinkingASip
(q.v.). See also #$EatingEvent.
guid: bd58eeee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$FluidFlow-Complete #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink
#$HavingAMeal mealtimes
A specialization of #$EatingEvent. Each
instance of #$HavingAMeal is an
event in which one or more diners consume a meal. Notable
specializations of #$HavingAMeal
include #$HavingBreakfast, #$HavingLunch, #$HavingDinner,
and #$HavingASnack.
guid: bd58cc30-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$EatingEvent #$HumanActivity
#$CourseDuringAMeal course
of a meals
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$ManipulatingFood. Each
instance of #$CourseDuringAMeal
is an event in which one or more diners at a meal consume a
single course. Specializations of #$CourseDuringAMeal
include #$AppetizerCourse, #$MainCourse, and #$DessertCourse.
guid: c1008170-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of: #$ManipulatingFood
#$Ingesting ingestions
A specialization of #$BiologicalIntakeEvent.
Each instance of #$Ingesting is a
complex process in which a thing is brought into some
organism's mouth from the outside, is swallowed, and is
moved to the organism's stomach. Every instance of #$Ingesting has among
its #$subEvents an
instance of #$Swallowing
which occurs after the intake (thus, although a particular
chewing of gum is a #$BiologicalIntakeEvent,
it is not an #$Ingesting unless
the gum is swallowed.) An ingesting event ends when the
ingested stuff reaches the ingester's stomach (where an
instance of #$DigestionEvent
begins, provided that what was ingested is an instance of #$EdibleStuff).
guid: bd5888eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$UsingAnObject #$BiologicalIntakeEvent #$PassingThroughPortal #$BodilyFunctionEvent
direct generalization of:
#$ConsumingFoodOrDrink
#$IngestingFn ingesting fn
An instance of #$CollectionDenotingFunction.
When applied to a specialization THING-TYPE of #$PartiallyTangible,
#$IngestingFn
returns the collection of all events in which some instance
of THING-TYPE is ingested (see the collection #$Ingesting). For
example, (#$IngestingFn
#$Popcorn) is the collection of all events in which some
instance of #$Popcorn is ingested.
guid: bd58bccd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$UnaryFunction #$CollectionDenotingFunction
#$ReifiableFunction
#$Individual
#$foodSourceFor food
source for
The predicate #$foodSourceFor
relates a particular organism to the kinds of things it
usually eats. (#$foodSourceFor
ORG OBJTYPE) means that ORG is an organism that typically
eats some instances of OBJTYPE for food. Note that OBJTYPE
refers to a type of food source, not a particular object
that ORG eats. For example, (#$foodSourceFor
#$RonaldReagan #$Popcorn) means that #$Popcorn is a #$foodSourceFor
Ronald Reagan, i.e., Ronald Reagan often eats (instances of) popcorn.
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direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
#$eatsWillingly eats willingly
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$eatsWillingly
is used to relate an #$Animal to the type
of food it will willingly eat. In a normal #$EatingEvent, the
food consumed is of a type that the eater #$eatsWillingly.
As negative examples, no vegetarian or herbivore #$eatsWillingly meat.
guid: bd589419-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
Hunger And Malnutrition
#$ExperiencingHunger hungering
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
Being hungry
guid: bd58d1d8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$MammalCapabilityType #$TemporalStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary
#$Hungry-Coll hungry
- coll
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
Hungry
guid: 66bbacda-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$Animal
#$Starving-Coll starving
events (animals) (organisms) (living things)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A #$LevelOfHunger (q.v.) one step beyond #$Hungry.
Note: this constant expresses a static #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute,
not a dynamic process. For the #$Event that involves
#$Starving, see #$Starvation.
guid: 3da01afe-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$Animal
#$LevelOfHunger-Coll level
of hunger - coll
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttributes
that express how hungry an #$Animal is (e.g.,
#$Hungry, #$NotHungry, #$Starving). These #$LevelOfHunger
attributes are the first argument to the predicate #$hungerLevelOf (q.v.).
guid: 3a68e7a2-74ae-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of: #$CollectionType
direct specialization of:
#$Collection
#$hungerLevelOf hunger
level of
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$hungerLevelOf
is used to express how hungry an #$Animal is. The
first argument is a #$LevelOfHunger (q.v.): for instance,
#$Hungry, #$Starving, #$Stuffed. The second argument is the
#$Animal who
feels hunger at this level.
guid: bd58d448-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$AgentPredicate
#$IntangibleObjectPredicate #$BinaryPredicate
#$urgeTypeSatisfied urge
type satisfied
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The urge of type arg2 is satisfied in the event of
type arg1.
guid: bd58f856-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
#$Malnutrition malnutrition
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of physiological conditions caused by
the lack of essential #$Nutrients (usually
vitamins, minerals or proteins). Specialized forms of #$Malnutrition
are: (1) #$DietaryDeficiencyCondition,
in which the necessary nutrients are not ingested; and (2)
#$Malnutrition-Secondary, in which the necessary nutrients
are not properly metabolized.
guid: be00bb98-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$PhysiologicalConditionType
direct specialization of:
#$AilmentCondition
direct generalization of:
#$DietaryDeficiencyCondition
#$DietaryDeficiencyCondition dietary deficiencies
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of physiological conditions brought
on by consuming less of a nutrient than the body requires.
guid: c0fd5773-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$PhysiologicalConditionType
direct specialization of:
#$Malnutrition
#$Starvation starving
(physiological condition) (action performed by
animals) (action)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. Each instance of #$Starvation is an
event in which an #$Animal is so hungry
as to be #$Starving. If prolonged, it results in death. NB:
Note that this is a #$SingleDoerAction
(q.v.), so it doesn't cover cases wherein one creature
withholds food from another.
guid: c021401d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$AnimalActivity #$PhysiologicalCondition #$SingleDoerAction
#$Famine famines
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events; a subcollection of #$DisasterEvent.
Each instance of #$Famine is an event
taking place in a contiguous geographical area in which a
lot of people are undergoing #$Starvation.
guid: be5bef99-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Individual
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